What to wear for a climate crisis

By Rachael Wallis 18 December, 2024

We need to be adapting our clothing & choices for the climate crises. Afterall, it's not the first time people have done so in response to a crisis (like in World War 2) as Wallis, Assistant researcher at the University of Southern Queensland, shares

Fashion contributes up to 10% of global emissions - more than shipping & aviation; Australia's carbon footprint is the biggest at 503kg CO2e/ person/ year - US at 387kg
We should be adapting our clothing & choices for the climate crises - it’s not the first time people have done so in response to the demands of a crisis (like in World War 2)
74 garments is enough in a two-season climate; buying second-hand is even better – it doesn’t add to current production emissions but it still doesn’t mean we should buy more

The article was first published in The Conversation in Oct 2023. Click here to view.

When people move to the country from the city, they need to change their wardrobes, my research on tree-changers in Australia found. The new context of their lives means the clothes they wore for the city no longer work for their new lives. This is also true in the climate crisis.

Our context has changed. When we decide what clothes to buy, we now need to bring into play a wider range of values than the appearance of a garment, its newness and novelty and whether we like it or not. As the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) states, if we are to have any hope of avoiding a world that is too hot and unpredictable to live in, we need to do everything we possibly can, right now, to cut greenhouse gas emissions into the atmosphere.

The fashion industry contributes up to 10% of global emissions – more than international aviation and shipping combined. It also contributes to biodiversity loss, pollution, landfill issues, unsafe work practices and more.

Fashion contributes up to 10% of GHGs…

…Australia’s carbon footprint from consumption & use is the biggest

Australia’s carbon footprint from the consumption and use of fashion is the world’s biggest, a dubious distinction in a materialistic world.

So this is an area where the choices we make can have big impacts. While individual action will not solve all of the above problems, it will help as we move towards the structural and systemic change needed to live sustainably.

If we are concerned about these issues, responding thoughtfully means we will live our lives according to our values. And that’s an important factor in living well, flourishing and being happy.

Lessons from wartime

It’s not the first time people have adapted their clothing in response to the demands of a crisis.

During the second world war, clothing styles changed in the United Kingdom and Australia. To conserve precious resources, shorter skirts, minimal detailing and a focus on utility became the norm.

It’s not the first time people have adapted their clothing in response to the demands of a crisis

People adapted their personal aesthetics and appearance because the situation was grave and they wanted to “do their bit” to help with the war effort. This was a collective necessity in dire times.

This wartime response reflected the priorities and values of society as a whole as well as most people in that society. In other words, buying less (rationing meant this was not just a choice), mending and making do with what was already there was part of a value system that contributed to the Allied victory.

In novels and other writing from the era, it is clear that at times it was not easy and it could be frustrating. There was, however, a public consensus that it was necessary. This shared commitment to the war effort became a value that made personal sacrifices worthwhile and satisfying.

During WW2 people were buying less, mending & making do with what was already there was part of a value system that contributed to victory

So what can we do today?

In our current context, the most helpful thing we can do is to buy fewer new clothes and wear them for longer.

The most helpful thing we can do today is to buy fewer new clothes & wear them for longer

Australians buy a lot of clothes, about 56 items per year on average. That makes Australians the second highest textiles consumers in the world after the USA , and is 60% more than we bought even 15 years ago. The price of clothes has dropped significantly over the past couple of decades, and the number of clothes people have in their closets has grown.

If we begin to shift away from our slavish devotion to newness and novelty – following the dictates of fashion – to a mindset of value-led sufficiency, we can appreciate more fully the feel of lived-in, mended or altered clothes. There is a feeling of comfort in pulling on an old garment that is soft with age and repeated washing. There is joy in extending a garment’s life through creative mending, especially when that aligns with our values.

The Berlin-based Hot or Cool Institute suggests a wardrobe of 74 garments (including shoes but excluding undergarments) is typically sufficient for people who live in a two-season climate (in the tropics) and 85 pieces for those who live in a four-season climate, as most Australians do. If we buy ten to 12 new items a year, we can replace our entire wardrobe in about seven years.

74 garments is enough in a two-season climate…

…buying second-hand is even better – it doesn’t add to current production emissions but it still doesn’t mean we should buy more

Buying second-hand instead of new is even better because it doesn’t add to current production emissions. If we buy second-hand, it still doesn’t mean we should buy more than we need.

Choosing clothes to fit our values

To live authentic lives that are fulfilling and satisfying in deep and meaningful ways, we need to be true to our selves. In the case of clothing, we should evaluate our choices in relation to the values we hold. And if we do care about living sustainably, that means changing those choices we feel are no longer suited to the climate crisis.

We should make clothing choices that align with keeping global warming to <1.5°C

Clothes need to reflect a person’s situation as well as their identity to “work” well. This may mean that what we wear changes as we make different buying decisions, just as people did in the second world war and as tree-changers do. We may start to look different, but that change signifies our values in action.

Best of all, clothing choices that align with keeping global warming to less than 1.5 degrees will have a long-term impact as significant as winning the war.

Further readings

More on Latest

Author: Rachael Wallis
Assistant researcher, University of Southern Queensland Dr Rachael Wallis completed her PhD at the University of Southern Queensland, Australia. Her work looks at how lifestyle migration is discursively constructed in popular Australian media and how these conceptualisations influence the decision to move, as well as how interactions with place affect identity. She writes at rachaelwallis.com
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